The Welcome Table Essay Example for Free

The Welcome Table EssayWe as humankind have learned to be considerate of people and their differences, we have also encouraged the development of totally human beings. But many years ago people were not considerate of people of other(a) ethnicities. The possibilities for everyone have become more equal during modern times. I have been intrigued by the racial and honest dilemmas that most of our ancestors had to endure. The short story that I have chosen to discuss is The Welcome Table By Alice Walker. The human race has come so far since we have had such severe racial discrimination, although it has not disappeared completely.The Welcome Table, along with many other new age stories really have shown the importance of acceptation of many ethnicities. Point of View The theme of a story is a representation of the idea skunk the story. (Clugston 2010). The Welcome Table written by Alice Walker, is about an old Afri foot American char who attends a white community church. This story is told in omniscient ternary individual point of hatful. Third person point of view occurs when the speaker is not the participant in the story. (Clugston 2010). On her way to church, she received looks of alarming disgust.People felt sorry for her, and they feared her. She walked into the church, and she was immediately the center of attention by the congregation. It was made clear to this elder lady that she was not welcome to worship with this church. She wanted to be in the house of God, she also demand her time with a higher power, and those rights were stripped from her for being from an African American background. She left without a press out God immediately approached the old lady as she left this church and they walked off together.Walker shows us how important skin color was to people back in this time in history. Not entirely were they segregated, it was not considered wrong to decline services to those of a different ethnic background. Walker uses a thir d person point of view in telling the story. She switches points of view throughout the story and really emphasise the theme of the story. As she walks into to the church Walker is speaking from the congregations point of view, then to the indicates, then to the white congregation. persona She was angular and lean and the color of poor gray. Walker 2003). She was dressed in her Sunday meeting clothes. She wore a long mildewed rusted black dress with missing buttons and a grease-stained scarf covering her pigtails. She has dirty-brown eyes, is ashen in appearance and very wrinkled. She is sweating from her walk and is shivering from the cold. She enters the white church and sits, singing in her head. She is physically thrown out of the church. She sees Jesus travel down the highway and is giddy with joy. Jesus tells her to follow him and she does, walking alongside him.He looks just like she thought he would, and he listens to her sing and talk to him. He was wearing immaculate w hite, long dress trimmed in gold around the neck and hem, and a red, a bright red cape. (Walker 2003) Over his left arm he carried a brilliant blue blanket. He is wearing sandals and a beard and long hair parted on the side. (Walker 2003). She feels great beside him and can walk as long as he wants. She tells him about her hardship works for whites and the injustices that have taken place . She feels his kindness and instantly feels better.The old elderly char saw Jesus wave to her. He told her to follow him. She broke her silence to tell Jesus how glad she was that he had come, how she had often looked at his picture. They hide to walk together. The ground began to look like clouds. They continued to walk looking straight ahead, she had a make a face on her face. Conclusion The Welcome Table is told in omniscient third person and shifts the point of view from which the story is told. The beginning of the story is told from the point of view of the white congregation. They view the elderly black woman as being beneath them.She receives evil stares as she enters the church to seek Jesus. She feels her time on earthly concern is coming to an end. She is treated badly because of her ethnic background. The usher then asks the elderly woman to leave the church. The women in church feel threatened by the aging woman because of the color of her skin view switches to the usher who tells the elderly African American woman to leave. The men in the church carry the elderly woman out of the church. The woman then sees Jesus walking down the highway. She walks along with him and she is never seen again.

DSC2006 Unofficial Mid-Term Mock Test Essay Example for Free

DSC2006 drumhead Mid-Term Mock Test EssayDSC2006 Unofficial Mid-Term Mock Test2010/11 Semester 2Select the disclosego answer1. Business organizations consist of three major functions which, ideally a) support one an oppositeb) are mutually exclusivec) exist independently of each new(prenominal)d) function independently of each othere) do non interface with each other2. Revenue management is concerned witha) a surgical operation designed to determine the best handling of funds gene investd through sales. b) the part of marketing tools to increase revenue.c) the use of accounting tools to monitor cash flow. d) the use of pricing to increase the profit gene strayd from a limited hand over of supply chain assets.e) the appropriate use of operational tools to improve operational efficiency with a moot to increasing revenue.3. In narrate to make oppositeial pricing effective, which of the side rake issues are to be dealt with?a) The household essential unalikeiate betw een the market segments and structure its pricing to make one segment wage more(prenominal) than the other.b) The firm must control choose such that the lower give segment does not use the entire availability of the asset.c) The firm must secure enough capacity to meet imply from each segment. d) The firm should structure pricing according to diametric market segments and alike control demand in such a way that the lower segment does not utilize the entire availability of the asset.e) The firm must secure enough capacity to meet demand of each segment and also control demand in such a way that the lower segment does not utilize the entire availability of the asset.4. In edict to differentiate between different market segments, the firm must a) negotiate separately with different market segments that value mathematical product or service attrisolelyes differently.b) hit barriers by identifying product or service attributes that the segments value differently.c) develop pri cing structures based on the volume of various product or service attributes.d) eliminate barriers that identify product or service attributes that the segments value differently.e) take in barriers by identifying product or service attributes that the segments value differently and also negotiate separately with different market segments.5. Under which of the following condition(s) is the concept of revenue management is applicable?a) Capacity is perishable.b) The selfsame(prenominal) whole of capacity finish be used to deliver product or service to different submarkets having their hold demand curves with different legal injury elasticity. c) Using appropriate booking rules, a firm can create a fence among the relevant submarkets.d) Capacity is perishable, the same capacity can be used to different submarkets having their own demand curves with different price elasticity and also the firm can create a fence among the relevant submarkets.e) Capacity is perishable and the same capacity can be used to different submarkets having their own demand curves with different price elasticity 6. Throughput clipping cannot be reduced in a border bya) Reducing the utilization of bottleneck equipmentb) Performing activities using a serial move upc) Changing the place of activitiesd) Reducing interruptionse) All of the above are ways by which throughput time can be reduced 7. According to Littles Law, which of the following ratios is used to find throughput time?a) Cycle time/ suffice timeb) Throughput time/Process velocityc) Process velocity/Throughput timed) Work-in-Process/Throughput ratee) Value conducted time/Process velocity8. A firm can participate in the quantity discount illustrated on a lower floor when purchasing a product. It cost $20 to amaze an order each time. The holding cost rate is 20%. The annual demand for the product is 10,000 units. Lead time for the product is 1 month. Quantity520 woo$12$10$9What is the minimum conglomeration cost that t his firm can purchase and caudex this item while facing a quantity discount?a) 90,468b) 90,853c) 90,894d) 100,000e) 100,8949. Which of the following determines the capacity of a doing line? a) the takt timeb) the throughput timec) the theoretical minimum number of civilise stationsd) the efficiency10. Which of the following types of manufacturing layout is considered a hybrid? a) Process layoutb) Product layoutc) Fixed- pose layoutd) Cellular layout11. Compute the required cycle time for a process that operates 8 hours dailywith a required output of 300 units per day.a) 0.625 proceedingsb) 1.6 minutesc) 37.5 minutesd) 0.027 minutes12. Which of the following is NOT a mark of a good layout in manufacturing? a) Straight line flow patter (or adaption)b) Predictable production linec) Bottleneck operationsd) Work stations boney togethere) Open plant floors ( uplifted visibility)13. Revenue management is not especially useful wherea) Capacity is relatively fixedb) The market can be f airly clearly segmentedc) The service cannot be exchange in advanced) The service/product can be stored14. Which is the correct order for process types kickoff with low volume/high variety and moving to high volume/low variety?a) potty processes, compute processes, line of merchandise obtain processes, mass processes, unremitting processesb) Project processes, chain reactor processes, mass processes, job shop processes, continuous processesc) Project processes, job shop processes, chaw processes, mass processes, continuous processesd) Job shop processes, batch processes, mass processes, continuous processes, project processes15. Which is the correct sequence in order of increasing process flexibility? a) Job shop / batch / project / continuous / productb) Project / job shop/ batch / continuous / productc) Job shop/ batch / project / product / continuousd) Project / job shop/ batch / product / continuouse) Continuous / product / batch / job shop/ project16. Which of these s tatements is correct?The Economic Order Quantity (EOQ)a) Is a formula that calculates a realistic purchase price for an item b)Will depend on how legion(predicate) related parts are required in the same periodc) Is used to calculate how much safety stock should be carried d) Determines the lowest order quantity by balancing the cost of ordering against the cost of holding stocke) Should be deliberate once a year17. Under the ABC system of account priorities a Class A item is a) The 80% of high-value items that account for some 20% the total stock turnover valueb) The 20% of high-value items that account for around 20% the total stock turnover valuec) The 20% of high-value items that account for around 80% the total stock turnover valued) The 80% of high-value items that account for around 80% the total stock turnover value18. The layout where the equipment, machinery, plant and people move as necessary is known asa) Product layoutb) Fixed-position layoutc) Cell layoutd) Process layout19. A supermarket is usually positioned asa) Cell layoutb) Process layoutc) Fixed-position layoutd) Product layout20. A self-service cafeteria is usually positioned asa) Cell layoutb) Product layoutc) Fixed-position layoutd) Process layout21. Which of the following is usually considered a peculiarity of a product or line layout?a) This layout can proceedsously handle high volume but low variety b) This layout tends to be genuinely pliantc) Transforming resources are costly to maintaind) This layout can easily handle high variety but low volume e) Transforming resources move to the work22. A product layouta) Groups transforming resources into dedicated cellsb) Involves locating the transforming resources entirely for the convenience of the transformed resourcesc) Is appropriate for low volume operationsd) Allows a wide variety of products to be manufactured on the same equipment e) Moves resources to the place where the operation is to be carried out23. Cell layouts typica llya) Locate transforming resources entirely for the convenience of the transformed resourcesb) Cost more to run than other types of process layoutc) Involve all the operations on a product being located adjacent to each other d) Are dominated by the transforming resourcese) Are the roughly efficient form of process layout24. Which of the following is the least likely decision to be made by Operations Managers?a) Designing and improving the jobs of the workforceb) Selecting the location and layout of a facilityc) How much capacity is required to balance demandd) How to use quality techniques to reduce wastee) Deciding which market areas to manufacture products for25. Which of the following would not normally be considered a general characteristic of a service?a) Many services involve both literal and intangible outputs b) Production and consumption are simultaneousc) Production and consumption can always be spatially separated d) Low contact services can often be made more effic ient than high contact servicese) Production and sales cannot easily be separated functionally26. Which of the following is not usually considered a characteristic of a fixed position layout?a) Fixed position layouts are often used for large or delicate products or services b) Transforming resources are class in cellsc) The recipient of the process or the work being undertaken remain in the same placed) Fixed position layouts are able to offer high flexibility e) Transforming resources often move to the work27. Operations management isa) decision making involving the design, planning, and control of the processes that produce goods and services.b) decision making involving accounting, engineering, marketing, and strategy expression that affect operations.c) decision making involving operations productivity and the reliability, durability, and manufacturability of products.d) decision making involving analyzing the competitive environment, appraising the organizations skills and re sources, and examining the limitations of political economy and technology on operations.28. Inputs to the transformation process of operations include a) Labour, capital, management, and genuine.b) Product design, materials planning, production planning, and product distribution.c) strategical planning, marketing, engineering, and purchasing d) Steel, plastics, fibres, food crops, or other raw materials. 29. Some characteristics of services that differentiate them from goods (manufactured products) area) intangible, neighboring(a) consumption, high customer contactb) inventory, immediate consumption, options availablec) delayed consumption, intangible, customer contactd) immediate consumption, options available, inventory30. The concept of value-added meansa) the customer must add value to a product by paying for it b) machines add value to the production process because of their low cost c) only service operations add value for the customerd) outputs of a process are worth more to customers than the sum of inputs31. Computer-integrated manufacturing (CIM) differs from a flexible manufacturing system (FMS) in thata) CIM usually includes one or more FMSs as components.b) An FMS does not use computers at all.c) CIM is only one component of an FMS.d) CIM is concerned only with data while FMS involves production processes. 32. A union is planning to produce a product that will compete in a high-volume market that is very price-competitive. What type of process would be most appropriate?a) projectb) job shopc) batchd) continuous33. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a product layout? a) standard product.b) high volume production.c) same sequence of operations for each unit.d) each order may require a unique sequence of operations.34. The desired production rate for an assembly line is 120 units-per hour. What would be the cycle time?a) 30 seconds per unitb) 40 seconds per unitc) 0083 minutes per unitd) 2 minutes per unit35. Which of the followin g is an advantage of a cellular layout? a) higher volume than an assembly line.b) greater f1exibility than a job shop.c) reduced material handling.d) use of more employees.36. A company has a set of tasks that must be completed to encounter a product. The total time for these tasks is 96 minutes. The cycle time is 3 minutes and the company has plunge that 40 work stations are required to balance the line. What is the efficiency (or utilization) for this assemblyline?a) 95%b) 90%c) 85%d) 80%37. Which of the following IS NOT a use of inventory?a) Buffer against falteringlyb) Allow for large variations in productionc) Decouple different processesd) Allow for smooth production38. A retailer stocks a certain product that is sold at the rate of 10,000 units per year. Each replenishment order from the outside supplier costs $50. The price is $40 per unit and inventory carrying cost per year is 10% of unit price, how many units should be ordered each time to minimize total annual cost?a) 100b) 250c) 500d) 1,00039. Referring to the preceding problem, suppose the supplier requires that orders be placed for 2,000 units at a time. What would be the total annual variable cost of ordering and carrying inventory?a) $ 2,000b) $ 2,500c) $ 4,250d) $ 8,00040. A certain item is egress to quantity discounts as shown below Quantity Price1 4950 999 atomic number 19 or morePurchased Per Unit$ 2.50$ 2.00$ 1.80If 1,000 units are used per year and it costs $450 to place an order due to high shipping costs, how many should be ordered at a time to minimize variable costs if carrying cost per unit per year is 50% of unit value?a) 1000b) 500c) 100d) 5041. A company has 100 inventory items with total annual dollar usage of $3,000,000. Which of the following is most likely a C Inventory Item based on ABC analysis?a)b)c)d) bust 1078236512877864Annual $ Usage$500,000$250,000$52,000$1,00042. A company manufactures repair parts. These parts are used at the rate of5,000 units per year. It cos ts $100 every time more are produced. The cost of holding these parts in inventory is 20% of unit price, which is $25 per unit. The parts can be produced at the rate of 6,250 per year. How many units should be produced at a time to minimize total annual cost?a) 500b) 1000c) 1500d) 2000

Causes of Gang Involvement Essay Example for Free

Causes of Gang Involvement EssayToday, ingroups in America cause a huge problem. Are there any positives for having a gang in the community? Does anything good enumerate out of having a gang in the atomic number 18a? The answer to all of these questions is no. Gang interest directly affects neighborhoods and has negative effects on communities.One of the first reasons a person joins a gang is because of scotch despair or deprivation in the bea they live in. Gangs get to as a way for their group to make m championy. Some ways gangs earn an income is by selling drugs, committing thefts, prostitution of women, and sometimes even killing others for money. Because of economic despair, gangs are usually found in sum neighborhoods. When we think of rundown neighborhoods, we think of poor housing and small incomes for those living in the neighborhood. This is why gangs will do average about anything for money. If the community or neighborhood fails to provide a way to earn mone y, the gangs will direct to find other ways to receive an income. Gangs provide the process a way out of economic despair and into the lifestyle of fancy living.Because of bad economic times, this may cause a gang member to have low self-esteem about themselves. A member might be an outcast at the school they attend and are not well liked even in their own infrastructure sometimes. Even their own peers might give them a hard time. The gang entices the possible member with the aptitude to receive power, respect, and money. Gangs form in order to provide the individual with low self-esteem a come across to build their self-esteem through the gang. The gangs reputation, interaction with gang members, accomplishments of the gang, and gaining power through the gang sends loads of say-so to the new member. This new confidence usually gives the newest member the feeling of invincibility. But, as we all know, no one today is invincible.The thought of being rich and having the respect of others are two main reasons for members to join a gang. But, one of the simplest and easiest reasons new members join is because simply they can Gangs from because they can it is as simple as that. Gangs form when non-gang delinquents and gang delinquents are left for themselves. The groups simply are left unmonitored and have no structure to fill them while living their lives. These individuals are looking for ways to get into trouble and to cause problems. The members also do not respect their elders which also can cause problems. As long as there are victims to prey on, the gangs will prey on them.Overall, gangs do not send a positive wave of feeling when the word is heard. The members of gangs are troubled and confused individuals who are looking for ways to fill the voids that are in their lives. That is what a gang offers, ways to fill these voids. These are frequently negative ways to double-dyed(a) the person. The causes of gangs directly affect the community and neighb orhood where the residents live.

Theory to practice Essay Example for Free

Theory to practice strainBig Time Toymaker (BTT) develops, manu positionures and distributes toys and board games. An inventor named Chou created a board game called Strat. Chous invention caught the direction of BTT and they sought out to negotiate with Chou. During the time of communication between two Chou and BTT an stipulation was made. both(prenominal) parties concord to BTT having exclusive negotiating wrights for a 90-day period in exchange for $25,000.00. The agreement sound outd that no specialise exist unless in pen. After a meeting when an oral agreement was made Chou was electronic mailed a document paper Strat deal by a manager of BTT. This e-mail can be considered the recoil in writing and Chou assumed so, later to find that BTT was now run by new-fashioned management who claimed they were uninterested in his invention.The point where parties entered a centralize was when the BTT manager send Chou an email subject Strat Deal. This was the point where a contract was mad because BTT had received an exclusive 90day negotiating period, and distribution agreement wasnt going to be in effect until received in writing. This email also include equipment casualty discussed during the oral agreement and pricing. The agreement of a contract was that it had to be in writing in order to exist. Never did BTT stress the form of writing. An email consist of written words, at that placefore it was a written agreement. A contract is an agreement with specific terms between two or more battalion or entities in which there is a promise to do something in return for something else. When the email was move that was the completion of the exchange and fulfilled contract requirements. The oral agreement that both parties had before the email was sent was establishing objective intent to contract. BTT also sent a fax to Chou a month after the 90day period passed requesting the draft to be sent. This action also showed intent to contract. What weigh s in Chous favor in terms of parties objective to contract is the fact that BTT paid him. They exchanged money for exclusive negotiating rights. Chou couldalways state an unilateral mistake was made and he misunderstood the terms of an agreement. The fact that both parties communicated by email has no impact on the decision of Chou rightfully notwithstanding having a contract.Email is skillful as sufficient as a letter or hand written draft. With a subject email sent saying Strat deal. The law governing which contracts must be in writing in order to be enforceable is also known as the statue of frauds according to University of Phoenix The juristic surround of Business (2011) . The contract was emailed to Chou before the 90day deadline right after an oral agreement. The statue of frauds supports Chou still having a valid contract. BTT could avoid this contract under mistake. Chou had mistaken the email as the contract agreement. BTT specified that the distribution deal would only be valid if contract was in writing. BTT could argue their signification of a contract in writing is a contract on paper. This would be a interchangeable mistake. Both parties had a different understanding of what a contract consist of. Mutual mistake shows both parties at fault instead of only one. If the email does constitute an agreement, the thing that support this agreement is the fact that Chou was within the 90 day period when the email was sent. Although the email said nothing to the highest degree a contract it was titled Strat Deal. During the verbal agreement Chou was lead to believe that both parties had eventually agreed on the terms of the contract.Assuming that Chou did have a contract and BTT decided to shock the contract Chou could obtain remedies for his lost. The proper remedy would be compensatory damages. Compensatory damages are an attempt to intrust the nonbreaching party in the same position she would have been in if the other party had performed as ag reed (melvin, 2011, Chapter Chapter 7, Contract PerformanceConditions, Breach, and Remedies). By the new management breaching the contract Chou misses out on possible profits that could have occurred if the contract had been followed through with. The remedy that would be less favorable would be eventful damages. Assuming from the theory that Chou had nothing in place directly depending on the completion of his contract, there is nothing that would be affected indirectly from the unfulfillment of the contract. Consequential damages compensate foreseeable indirect losses. lead citedMelvin, S. P. (2011). The Legal Environment of Business A Managerial Approach Theory to Practice. Retrieved from The University of Phoenix eBook Collection. Melvin, Sean P. (2011). The Legal Environment of Business A Managerial Approach Theory to Practice. Retrieved from The University of Phoenix eBook Collection.

A Managerial Strategy Essay Example for Free

A Managerial system EssayThe principal purpose and function of health worry musical arrangements is to ensure that their services. Above all their duties is geared towards sympathize with for their patients health and emphasize the ability of the organization to serve their patients skillfully and responsibly. Further, they offer contrary types of services which include medical and behavioral health care services, accordingly, this includes public and community health care programs and in the contemporary scenario, corporate power.As a matter of fact, it has been stressed in The Well-Managed Healthcare makeup that in order to ensure that a healthcare organization is really doing its task of safeguarding the health of its patients (and non really attracting them to be its client), a health organization should improve the quality of its services (Griffith White, 2006), which streng therefores the argument of harnessing the managerial skills of healthcare practitioners. More over, it should also maintain a well-facilitated plant in which the patients are being accommodated. Given with such(prenominal) instances, it highlights the perception that healthcare organizations are mandated to implement certain administrative methods to meet the mounting complications derived over by societal altercates (Griffith White, 2006).One of the cited feasible and efficient techniques in achieving managerial success is proper organization of the activities and the developmental plan of the entity. It is through the alignment of program objectives that the goals are obtained and prevents the rise of problems which deals with conflicts or miscommunication.If the programs are aligned well, then the members of the organization shall have a clear vision on what to expect, and oversee necessary changes so as to improve their performance. Simple logic basically revolves in the verity of the strategy common problems arise when the organization has no definite goals which lead to disorientation. Similar to that of business entities, healthcare practitioners must also take the challenge of facing the waves of managerial confrontations.ReferenceGriffith, J. R., White, K. R. (2006). The Well-Managed Healthcare Organization (6th ed.). New York Health Administration Press.

Serve or Fail Essay Example for Free

Serve or Fail EssayThe article server or Fail, by Dave Eggers of The New York Times presents a very interesting take on college students and their degage time. Eggers believes that colleges should institute a gain requirement for students to graduate. Due to his college experience he considers college students to have in like manner oft sp atomic number 18 time, which is wasted on silly electives or just wasted. With this surplus of time students should contri thate to the federation nearly themselves to develop intellectual tools that will be helpful to their cargoners post-graduation. The primary problem with making service a necessity is that it exchanges one requirement for another. Students already have too many requirements for college making college careers buy the farm longer needed, even Eggers agrees with this. Every student has to take certain learning requirements and many students have no need or will to even attend these courses. Learning requirements such as , Oceanography and Psychology are the issue. Students have no interest in these classes and just do the bare minimum to pass.In addition, students are not forced into taking whiffle ball or Cricket as a requirement as it might seem from this article. Those types of classes are electives that students choose if they would like to take them. This proposal just substitutes classes for work, which is not lots different. Many students would not want to be there in the first place, which leads to bad service for the community. Students would be on their phones, giving half effort or goofing around if this was made a requirement. Serving a community should be your choice and not an obligation.If helping out at a retirement property or tutoring children would be good for a students degree or resume, then he or she should seek that out on their own time. Students would have to pay for this in their tuition fees if it is through with(p) through the college. Paying to help your community is the ultimate oxymoron. This idea would not work because some students would be exempt and others would not. This places students into classes, a problem we already have in America. Students would try to find ways around working for the community by possibly going to community college instead of a university or convey college for some courses.Community colleges already have a few advantages working in their favor it is cheaper, and adpressed to home compared to most universities. College students need free time and down time to keep themselves sane. This proposal has too many holes, and it does not really take care of any real college issue. Colleges are already demanding comme il faut with the amount of work that is required. College takes too long as it is and this proposal would not change the length of college, but just changes the requirements to graduate.

Research Article Critique: Theories of Helping

Research Article critical review Theories of HelpingResearch Article CritiqueWong Hiu TungResearch Article CritiqueSprecher, S., Fehr, B., Zimmerman, C. (2007). Expectation for conception sweetening as a topic of dowery The effect of sex activity and compassionate know. Sex Roles, 56, 543-549. doi 10.1007/s11199-007-9192-6Introductory of summary of the news reportIn this article, Sprecher, Fehr, and Zimmerman (2007) attempted to investigate how gender and the propensity to experience the compassionate love for others argon accompliced with the forecast of the enhancement of positive imagination from giving help to others and receiving help from others. They aim to examine whether the some(prenominal) psychological theories of component part, which suggested that mint provide help due to receiving benefits, are correct or not. More specifically, the benefit received from share could be the self-benefit, which is the enhancement of positive mood.As a result, the partic ipants, 47 males and 133 females from U.S. Midwestern public university, were asked to complete the every which way assigned questionnaire, either ideate themselves as the giver or the recipient of the support acts, during the class. Firstly, participants were asked to rate the pointedness to which each helping behaviour was a good example of compassionate love. Secondly, they were asked to imagine the eight helping acts, which involved making a special meal, stealing a award, expressing empathy and caring, verbal support for a sticker decision, providing care when sick, a surprise gift, a call when feeling down, and sticking up for another, occurring with close companion and to assess what degree would they experience an increase in positive feelings as a consequence of each of the helping act. Finally, they completed the Compassionate Love Scale about their compassionate love for others.This study instal that all helping behaviours in this question were good examples of compassionate love and were expected to increase the mood of the individual. More specially, females are more likely to have an vista of enhancing positive mood as a result of both helping and receiving help in a relational context than males. Moreover, individuals who are extravagantly in compassionate love for others are more likely to forecast their enhancement of positive emotion from giving and receiving help than those who are embarrasseder on compassionate love. Altruism and gender role are the meaning of these results.CritiqueResearch Topic and QuestionThe problem is understandably state and is researchable by examining how gender and compassionate love are associated with mood enhancement from helping respectively.There are three inconstant in the research question and most of them are clearly outlined. The mood enhancement is clearly defined as the increase of positive emotion, much(prenominal) as happiness, joy, or satisfaction. The compassionate love also had clea r with the support of forceful psychological literary productions. Nevertheless, the definition of helping behaviours was ambiguous. The helping behaviours are defined briefly that alone included the eight helping acts, and stated that those helping acts are commonly experienced in the friendships of green adults. Therefore, it may take aim to provide a clear definition of helping behaviours in order to crystalize which behaviour can be involved in the situation of helping within this study.Literature check intoThe review is relevant to the research questions and design. The researchers cite previous studies of the association between helping and different variables respectively, such as gender, receiving benefit, and the situational and dispositional variables. Moreover, the review included the previous studies which related the design and the research question of the present study and pointed out the demarcations of the previous studies in order to justify the contents of their research. However, the review did not include the literature which contradicts to the prediction of the study, for example, the helping behaviours may not be determined by the rewarding.SamplingThe participants were similar in term of education level, ethnicity and social class to deoxidise the intervention of those variable. Lack of the method of selecting the sample is the limitation of this study. It merely described the take of participants and the ratio of the majority and the background of the participants, but have not report the sampling method. Furthermore, the ratio of the participants gender may not appropriate for this research which the number of the female participants was just about triple of the number of male participants. Since the gender is one of the considerable variables in this study, it is hardly to conclude the effects of gender in the expectation for mood enhancement due to the imbalance of the ratio of the participants gender.Method creamThe sel ected method is appropriate to the research question. Since the questionnaire was the most appropriate and convenient method of self-report, it is suitable for examining the expectation of mood enhancement. In addition, the scenario study can relatively be provided adequate answers to the research question. Because the participants can be easier to imagine the several helping acts by the provided scenarios than the non-scenario questions, the participants can more accurately predict the emotional changing subsequently giving or receiving help.The selected helping acts may not be the most proper indicator of helping behaviour as the limitation of the study, especially making a special meal, buying a present and giving a surprise gift. In general, those three helping behaviours in this research cannot be conclude as helping behaviours because these behaviours may occur in other situations rather than the situation of helping, for example, we may buy a present to our friends for thei r birthday. Moreover, the participants may increase their mood due to the external reward instead of receiving help. For instance, the participants may feel happy, as well as mood enhancement, because of the gift rather than receiving the help. Therefore, the validity of the research is low since the three helping acts are not appropriate as the helping behaviours.ProcedureThe designed surgery is clearly described regarding the work of the researchers and appropriate to answer the question of the study. First, the pre-test administered to the small group of similar students assessed the forte of the eight helping behaviours. It was appropriated to ensure that the eight helping behaviours are suitable to measure the mood enhancement as a result of those helping acts. Second, the procedure had protected the confidentiality of the research participants due to the anonymous and conscious questionnaire. One limitation of the study is that the questionnaire was completed during the cla ss time. In general, the time pressure mostly occurred in the lecture because of the pressing courses. Therefore, the participants may complete the questionnaire arbitrarily, as well as answering inaccurately, because of the time pressure. As a result, the questionnaire can be completed in their leisure time in order to reduce the time pressure as an influential factor.Data Gathering and AnalysisThere are several strengths in this section. The data are presented clearly and fully that the results are clearly separated into three sections of the research question which base on the sections of the questionnaire the helping behaviours were good examples of compassionate love, the association between gender and the expectation of mood enhancement as a result of the helping acts, and the association between compassionate love and the expectation of mood enhancement as a result of the helping acts. Also, the appropriate inferential and descriptive statistics are clearly described in text and presented in organized tables.Furthermore, the results are clearly stated which correlations failed to reach the significance for the helping acts in giving and receiving conditions. For example, male and female participants ratings of the giving or receiving a surprise gift did not differ significantly in expectation of mood enhancement.Interpretations, Conclusions and DiscussionThe researchers clearly concluded that the results of the study provide support for the two hypotheses. However, the results may not conclude that the gender is associate with the forecast of a specific self-benefit because the number of male participants are relative extremely smaller than the number of female participants. Therefore, the association between gender and expectation for mood enhancement is not representative.Although the researchers made a clear interpretations of the results in terms of the gender role and altruism, they had not explained the results of failing to reach the significance for the helping acts as the limitation of the study as well. For example, the helping act of giving or receiving a surprise gift was not a significant difference from male and female participants. Therefore, the study would also be explained the contradictory results for providing well-founded interpretations of the data.The limitations of the study are incomplete that the researchers merely considered two limitations of the study, which focus on a context and an emotional consequence of helping behaviours. Some confound is absent to present in the study, such as the cultural differences, age. Moreover, the participants mood also be enhanced by the external rewards rather than receiving or giving help, such as receiving a gift or a meal, when the participants imagine the situation. Therefore, the researchers may need to present the other limitations of the study.Finally, the researchers are presented the suggestion for future studies comprehensively. The researcher suggested the fu ture studies can examine how gender and compassionate love associate with the anticipation of negative emotion as the consequence of helping behaviours in other relational context, which based on the limitation of the study. Therefore, it is the contribution of this research.